While the great outdoors offers incredible experiences, it can also present unexpected challenges. From sprained ankles to sudden changes in weather, before you head out you need to be prepared. But how do you plan for those things you don’t plan on?
To answer that question, it’s important to understand that safety is not something you can buy at the store. A person can easily perish in the woods even with the best gear. You should think of safety as a system made up of knowledge and experience, plus the gear you carry. Once you have the first two, then knowing what gear to bring will depend on things like the type of trail you will hike, daily distances, time of year, weather conditions, etc.
Aside from your clothing, sleeping bag, tent, cooking tools, and other camping gear, the following is a list of essentials you should pack:
Basic First Aid Kit
A well-stocked first aid kit is the foundation of any adventure. It's important to include items that will help you address common injuries and emergencies. The most basic kit should include:
- Adhesive Bandages: for cuts, scrapes, or blisters
- Gauze Pads & Bandages: for larger wounds that need to be covered
- Antiseptic Wipes: to clean cuts and prevent infection
- Antibiotic Ointment: for soothing and preventing infection in minor cuts and abrasions
- Pain Relievers: ibuprofen or acetaminophen can be helpful for muscle pain or headaches
- Tweezers: perfect for removing splinters, thorns, and ticks
- Ace bandage: useful for sprains or strains
- Medical Tape: for securing bandages or gauze
Blister Prevention and Care
Blisters are the bane of every hiker. To prevent them, make sure to bring blister pads and moleskin to apply to hot spots on your feet. A quality pair of well-fitting hiking shoes and at least a change of socks per day is crucial here too.
Emergency Blanket
Compact and lightweight, an emergency blanket (or space blanket) is an essential item that can provide warmth if you get caught in bad weather or experience a sudden chill. These blankets are reflective, keeping heat close to your body, and can be a lifesaver in a pinch.
Sunscreen & Lip Balm
Sunburns can sneak up on you, especially at high altitudes or during longer trips. Be sure to pack broad-spectrum sunscreen with a high SPF, and don't forget lip balm with sun protection to prevent chapped lips.
Personal Medications & EpiPen
If you have allergies or take medication regularly, be sure to pack enough for the duration of your trip and even a few extra days. If you have severe allergies (ex. to bee stings), don’t forget your EpiPen or other prescribed medication.
Water and Hydration Tablets
Staying hydrated is crucial. If you're hiking for a long time, research the availability of water along the route and carry enough to get from one to the next. Bring a water filter or purification tablets as well as hydration tablets or electrolyte powder to help replenish essential salts lost through sweat.
Power Bank (and Battery-Operated Gear)
While it’s essential to stay connected in case of an emergency, it's also important to minimize the weight you carry. A power bank with a single charge should be sufficient for short trips. For longer adventures, bring a solar-powered charger.
Multi-Tool
A reliable multi-tool is an all-in-one solution for small repairs, cutting, and even first aid. It’s important to have a sharp knife or scissors for tasks like cutting bandages, food, or ropes in emergencies.
Map and Compass/GPS:
A detailed map and compass are crucial for navigation, especially if electronic devices fail. Consider a GPS device or satellite messenger for more user-friendly navigation and communication in remote areas.
Emergency Whistle and Signal Mirror:
A whistle is an effective way to signal for help if you get lost or injured. It can also come in handy to warn animals of your presence. A signal mirror can reflect sunlight over long distances to attract attention.
Headlamp or Flashlight:
A more reliable and longer lasting light source than your phone, bring along a good headlamp. The hands-free function also makes it a much better option for navigating unknown terrain in the dark. Also, make sure to bring along extra batteries.
Remember, before heading out make sure you have all the safety essentials. And keep in mind, the number one safety tool in your kit is knowledge. Studying up on the area you plan to visit, learning navigational skills, and having knowledge of basic survival techniques is the best first step to any good hike.